compiler warning cleanups
Clears up 32 out of 49 -Wdiscarded-qualifiers warnings from gcc, along with a -Wsign-compare warning, a -Wshadow warning, and 2 -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn warnings.
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Clears up 32 out of 49 -Wdiscarded-qualifiers warnings from gcc, along with a -Wsign-compare warning, a -Wshadow warning, and 2 -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn warnings.