ci: fix meson install script
a93932da ("ci/meson: reuse meson installation") forgot to bump the image tags, and as a result this was merged untested and turned out to be broken, as the fedora image.
The issue is that python in the Fedora image is not flagged as
EXTERNALLY-MANAGED, unlike what Debian does, so the
--break-system-packages
is invalid.
Instead, remove this flag from the debian image as it makes very little sense in a docker image.
Fixes: a93932da ("ci/meson: reuse meson installation")