rust: error: Add from_result() helper

Add a helper function to easily return C result codes from a Rust function
that calls functions which return a Result<T>.

Lina: Imported from rust-for-linux/rust, originally developed by Wedson
as part of file_operations.rs. Added the allow() flags since there is no
user in the kernel crate yet and fixed a typo in a comment. Replaced the
macro with a function taking a closure, per discussion on the ML.

Co-developed-by: Fox Chen <foxhlchen@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Fox Chen <foxhlchen@gmail.com>
Co-developed-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Wedson Almeida Filho <wedsonaf@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Martin Rodriguez Reboredo <yakoyoku@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Asahi Lina <lina@asahilina.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230224-rust-error-v3-6-03779bddc02b@asahilina.net


Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>