iio: Add channel for Phase

Add new channel type support for phase.

This channel may be used by Time-of-flight sensors to express the
phase difference between emitted and received signals. Those sensor
will then use the phase shift of return signals to approximate the
distance to objects.

Signed-off-by: Mathieu Othacehe <m.othacehe@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Cameron <Jonathan.Cameron@huawei.com>