valve-infra-container: switch to fedora 39

This brings us python 3.12, and the ability to install dnf5 which both increase performance significantly!

Additionally, rather than duplicating the base image name in both the Makefile and .gitlab-ci.yml, let's source the base image name in the former from the latter using yq! For some reason, this requires installing go-yq rather than the python version, but given how many people will need to rebuild base images, I think it is ok :)