rust: kbuild: expand rusttest target for macros

Previously, the rusttest target for the macros crate did not specify
the dependencies necessary to run the rustdoc tests. These tests rely on
the kernel crate, so add the dependencies.

Signed-off-by: Ethan D. Twardy <ethan.twardy@gmail.com>
Link: https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux/issues/1076
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240704145607.17732-2-ethan.twardy@gmail.com


[ Rebased (`alloc` is gone nowadays, sysroot handling is simpler) and
  simplified (reused `rustdoc_test` rule instead of adding a new one,
  no need for `rustdoc-compiler_builtins`, removed unneeded `macros`
  explicit path). Made `vtable` example fail (avoiding to increase
  the complexity in the `rusttest` target). Removed unstable
  `-Zproc-macro-backtrace` option. Reworded accordingly. - Miguel ]
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>