Documentation: Document the blk-crypto framework

The blk-crypto framework adds support for inline encryption. There are
numerous changes throughout the storage stack. This patch documents the
main design choices in the block layer, the API presented to users of
the block layer (like fscrypt or layered devices) and the API presented
to drivers for adding support for inline encryption.

Signed-off-by: Satya Tangirala <satyat@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>