ALSA: pcm: add more sample rate definitions

This adds a sample rate definition for 12kHz, 24kHz and 128kHz.

Admittedly, just a few drivers are currently using these sample
rates but there is enough of a recurrence to justify adding a definition
for them and remove some custom rate constraint code while at it.

The new definitions are not added to the interval definitions, such as
SNDRV_PCM_RATE_8000_44100, because it would silently add new supported
rates to drivers that may or may not support them. For sure the drivers
have not been tested for these new rates so it is better to leave them out
of interval definitions.

That being said, the added rates are multiples of well know rates families,
it is very likely that a lot of devices out there actually supports them.

Signed-off-by: Jerome Brunet <jbrunet@baylibre.com>
Reviewed-by: David Rhodes <drhodes@opensource.cirrus.com>
Acked-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20240905-alsa-12-24-128-v1-1-8371948d3921@baylibre.com