meson: Check that bin/meson_get_version.py ran without an error

According to https://mesonbuild.com/Reference-manual.html, the check parameter is supported since meson 0.47.0.

This could have helped to catch the issue fixed by:

221871fb ("meson: Search for python3 before python for bin/meson_get_version.py")

as it would have caused the build to fail immediately.

It's still a good idea to check the result even though that issue is now fixed.

Ref: !12400 (merged)