i915 driver incorrectly assumes that the PAT will be the standard Linux value
Xen PV uses a different PAT, which results in graphics glitches when running in Xen dom0. Patching Xen to use Linux’s PAT makes the problem go away, but this is an ABI break for PV guests and so is not an upstreamable solution. This needs to be fixed in i915.
This was initially reported in the comments of https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-issues/issues/4782 and confirmed to be an i915 bug in https://github.com/QubesOS/qubes-vmm-xen/pull/145. Logs are available at https://gist.github.com/marmarek/52550190e0557170d04717f25f756a2f.